Zakat

An important principle of Islam is that everything belongs to
God; wealth is therefore held by human beings in trust. Obligatory charity or
zakah means both "purifications" and "growth." Our
possessions are purified by setting aside a proportion for those in need and
for society in general. Like the pruning of plants, this cutting back balances
and encourages new growth.

Each Muslim calculates his or own zakah individually. This
involves the annual payments to those in need of 2.5% of one's assets,
excluding such items as primary residence, car and professional tools. Zakah is
a unique concept, compare to other forms of giving, in that it redistributes
the wealth of society; when applied correctly, it effectively eliminates
poverty.

God places great emphasis on taking care of the needy in society; He says in
the Qur'an: "Those who spend of their wealth
(in charity) by night and by day, and in secret and in public have their reward
with their Lord, on them there shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve."
(Qur'an 2:274)

Giving beyond the obligatory charity is expected upon every Muslim and may take
many forms. The Prophet said, "Even meeting
your brother with a smile is an act of charity." The Prophet
further said that when one has nothing to give, he can stay away from evil;
that too is charity.

Narrated
Abu Huraira:  Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever is made wealthy by Allah and does not pay the Zakat of his
wealth, then on the Day of Resurrection his wealth will be made like a
bald-headed poisonous male snake with two black spots over the eyes. The snake
will encircle his neck and bite his cheeks and say, 'I am your wealth, I am
your treasure.'"  (Bukhari)

Then the Prophet recited the holy verses:– "And do not let those who hoard up (miserly) that
which Allah has given them of His grace think that it is better for them. No,
it is bad for them.That which they hoard (miserly) will be their collar on the
day of resurrection, and Allah's is the heritage of the skies and the earth and
Allah is informed of what you do" (3:180)